An abstinence-oriented program for substance use disorders: poorer outcome associated with opiate dependence.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the characteristics of patients with various substance-related disorders, and to examine rates of retention in treatment. METHODS We assessed the demographic characteristics, substance abuse, and psychological distress of 239 men and women at admission. Six-month performance was evaluated, using as criteria length of stay in treatment, abstinence, attendance in therapy sessions, and completion status at discharge. RESULTS Moderate to severe psychological distress was observed among these individuals. Higher levels of depression were found among women and in individuals with alcohol and sedative use disorders. The primary drug of abuse, frequency of use, and reason for entering treatment were the most significant predictors of retention. CONCLUSIONS Opiate-addicted clients had the worst prognosis and treatment profiles. Further research is needed to identify factors that would optimize treatment for opiate dependence.